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Indium

Post-Transition Metal
Atomic Mass
114.818 u
Density
7.31 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
Melting Point
156.6 °C
Boiling Point
2072 °C
State
Solid
Discovery
1863

Discovery

Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter while they were searching for thallium in zinc ores.

Common Uses

  • Used to make indium tin oxide (ITO), which is a transparent conductive coating used in LCD and OLED screens.
  • Used in low-melting-point alloys, especially solders.
  • Used in some specialized alloys for bearings and seals.
  • Used in some types of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • Used as a coating in some optical mirrors.

Interesting Facts

  • Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal that can be scratched with a fingernail.
  • When bent, indium makes a high-pitched "cry," similar to tin, due to crystal twinning.
  • The name "indium" comes from the indigo blue line in its atomic emission spectrum.
  • The demand for indium has increased significantly due to its use in touchscreens and flat-panel displays.
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